Exophytic combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (combined HCC-CC) is a rare subtype of liver cancer displaying components of both hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Not only are exophytic liver tumors very rare, but their diagnosis presents a challenge due to the uncertainty of the tumor origin. In this issue, we present a case of exophytic combined HCC-CC with unusual morphologic features treated by liver transplantation. This study highlights the need for an increased awareness of the unusual morphologic features of this tumor to prevent potential misdiagnoses.